Difference in Yield and Its Components Characteristics of Different Type Rice Cultivars in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2014.06.008

Abstract

Abstract: With 20 representative rice cultivars belonging to four types as materials, a field experiment was conducted to reveal the difference in yield and its components in the ricewheat cropping areas(Yangzhou, Changshu) in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 2012-2013. Grain yield and its components, stems and tillers and panicle traits and grainfilling were analyzed systematically.Result show that, 1)under the high yielding cultivation conditions, rice grain yield followed a decline trend of indicajaponica hybrid rice(IJHR) >japonica hybrid rice(JHR)>traditional japonica rice(TJR)>indica hybrid rice(IHR) in different sites and years.The average yield of IJHR in both years in Yangzhou was 12499.4 kg·hm-2, 4.82%,11.94% and 19.68% higher than those of JHR,TJR and IHR.2)The contribution of yield components to yield was total spikelet number>seedsetting rate>1000grain weight,and the contribution to total spikelet number was grain number per panicle>number of effective panicles.It illustrated that big panicle remained the main way for high yield of rice.3)The number of stems and tillers at jointing stage was TJR>IHR>JHR>IJHR,the contribution rates of stems and primary tillers were IJHR>IHR>TJR>JHR, while the contribution rate of the secondary tillers was JHR>TJR>IHR>IJHR, the composition of stems and tillers at waxy stage was the same as that at jointing stage;percentage of effective tillers of TJR(7576%) ranked first，followed by JHR(7287%),IJHR(6680%) and IHR(63.24%).4)Panicle length followed a trend of IHR>IJHR>JHR>TJR;grain density,single panicle weight were IJHR>JHR>IHR>TJR;grain number on the primary rachis branch was JHR>IJHR>TJR>IHR,while number of branches and total grain number on the primary rachis branch were IJHR>JHR>TJR>IHR,the trend of the contribution rate of grain number on the primary rachis branch to grain number per panicle from high to low was TJR（41.00%）,JHR（35.50%）,IJHR（31.83%）,IHR（27.92%）;grain number on the secondary rachis branch was IHR>IJHR>TJR>JHR,while number of branches and total grain number on the secondary rachis branch were IJHR>JHR>IHR>TJR,the trend of the contribution rate of grain number on the secondary rachis branch to grain number per panicle from high to low was IHR(72.80%),IJHR(68.17%),JHR(64.50%),TJR(59.00%). 5)The final grain weight was TJR>JHR>IHR>IJHR，maximum grainfilling rate was IHR>TJR>JHR>IJHR,the time reaching the maximum grainfilling rate was JHR>TJR>IJHR>IHR,mean grainfilling rate was IHR>TJR>JHR>IJHR,effective grainfilling time was JHR>IJHR>TJR>IHR;For grainfilling characteristics during different stages，grainfilling amount of gradual growth stage, fast growth stage and slow growth stage were TJR>JHR>IHR>IJHR;grainfilling time of gradual growth stage was JHR>TJR>IJHR>IHR,grainfilling time of fast growth stage and slow growth stage were JHR>IJHR>TJR>IHR; mean grainfilling rate of gradual growth stage was IHR>TJR>IJHR>JHR,grainfilling rate of fast growth stage and slow growth stage were IHR>TJR>JHR>IJHR.Compared with JHR ,TJR and IHR, IJHR had obvious advantages in productivity with big panicle as the basis.

Key words: rice, cultivar, type, yield, yield structure

摘要： 为阐明长江下游地区稻麦两熟制高产栽培条件下不同类型水稻品种产量及其构成因素特征的差异，2012-2013年，在江苏扬州、常熟以籼粳杂交稻、杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻四种类型20个具有代表性的品种为材料，系统比较分析了不同类型水稻品种产量、茎蘖组成、穗部性状、籽粒灌浆等方面的差异。结果表明：1）在高产栽培条件下，不同地点和年份间产量均呈籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻趋势，其中，籼粳杂交稻品种平均产量为12499.4kg/hm2，分别较杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻高4.82%、11.94%和19.68%，籼粳杂交稻品种增产的主要原因为每穗粒数极显著高于其他品种类型。2）产量构成因素对产量的净贡献率表现为总颖花量>结实率>千粒重，对总颖花量的净贡献率表现为每穗粒数大于有效穗数，说明大穗依然是水稻高产的主要途径。3）不同类型水稻品种拔节期茎蘖数表现为常规粳稻>杂交籼稻>杂交粳稻>籼粳杂交稻，主茎和一级分蘖贡献率表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交籼稻>常规粳稻>杂交粳稻，二级分蘖贡献率表现为杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻>籼粳杂交稻；蜡熟期茎蘖组成特点与拔节期一致；不同类型水稻品种成穗率表现为常规粳稻最高（75.76%），杂交粳稻其次（72.87%），籼粳杂交稻再次（66.80%），杂交籼稻最低（63.24%）。4）不同类型水稻品种穗长表现为杂交籼稻>籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻，着粒密度、每穗粒数和单穗重均表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>杂交籼稻>常规粳稻；一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、一次枝梗总粒数和二次枝梗总粒数均表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻，一次枝梗粒数对总粒数的贡献率表现为常规粳稻最大（41.00%），其次为杂交粳稻（35.50%）和籼粳杂交稻（3183%），杂交籼稻最低（27.92%），二次枝梗总粒对每穗粒数的贡献率表现为杂交籼稻最大（72.80%），其次为籼粳杂交稻（6817%）和杂交粳稻（64.50%），常规粳稻最小（59.00%）。5）不同类型水稻品种终极生长量Wo呈常规粳稻>杂交粳稻>杂交籼稻>籼粳杂交稻趋势，最大灌浆速率Vmax表现为常规粳稻>杂交籼稻>杂交粳稻>籼粳杂交稻，到达最大灌浆速率的时间Tmax表现为杂交粳稻>籼粳杂交稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻，平均灌浆速率Vmean表现为杂交籼稻>常规粳稻>杂交粳稻>籼粳杂交稻，有效灌浆时间T99表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻；阶段性灌浆特征方面，灌浆量在渐增期、快增期和缓增期均表现为常规粳稻>杂交粳稻>杂交籼稻>籼粳杂交稻；灌浆时间在渐增期表现为杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>籼粳杂交稻>杂交籼稻，在快增期和缓增期均表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻；灌浆速率在渐增期表现为杂交籼稻>籼粳杂交稻>常规粳稻>杂交粳稻，在快增期和缓增期表现为常规粳稻>杂交籼稻>杂交粳稻>籼粳杂交稻。籼粳杂交稻较杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻有明显的产量优势，“穗大粒多”是其产量优势形成的基础。

关键词: 水稻, 品种, 类型, 产量, 产量结构

CLC Number:

JIANG Yuanhua, ZHANG Hongcheng*， ZHAO Ke, XU Junwei, WEI Huanhe, LONG Houyuan, WANG Wenting, DAI Qigeng, HUO Zhongyang, XU Ke, WEI Haiyan, GUO Baowei. Difference in Yield and Its Components Characteristics of Different Type Rice Cultivars in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2014, 28(6): 621-631.

姜元华,张洪程*,赵可,许俊伟,韦还和,龙厚元,王文婷,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,魏海燕,郭保卫 . 长江下游地区不同类型水稻品种产量及其构成因素特征的研究[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2014, 28(6): 621-631.

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